Alone
type: NamedIndividual
type: Environment

Anxiety
type: NamedIndividual
creates need: Calmness
type: Emotion

Boredom
type: NamedIndividual
creates need: Distraction
type: Emotion

Breathing Exercise
type: NamedIndividual
available on platform: Mobile Application
belongs to category: Meditation
has duration in minutes: 5
has effect: Relaxing Effect
suitable for environment: Home
suitable for personality: Introvert
suitable for time: Night
type: Content

Büşra
type: NamedIndividual
feels: Boredom
has age: 22
has need: Distraction
has personality: Extrovert
has preference: Likes Games
has time context: Evening
is in environment: Home
type: User

Calming Effect
type: NamedIndividual
relieves emotion: Anxiety
relieves emotion: Stress
type: Effect

Calmness
type: NamedIndividual
satisfied by: Meditation Audio
type: Need

Comfort Movie
type: NamedIndividual
available on platform: Netflix
belongs to category: Movie
has duration in minutes: 95
has effect: Emotional Relief Effect
matches preference: Likes Movies
suitable for environment: With Friends
suitable for personality: Extrovert
suitable for time: Evening
type: Content

Content
type: Class
comment: A digital content item or activity that can be recommended to a user.

Content Category
type: Class
comment: A category describing the type of content.

Context
type: Class
comment: The situation in which the user is located.

Deniz
type: NamedIndividual
feels: Sadness
has age: 23
has need: Emotional Support
has personality: Extrovert
has preference: Likes Movies
has time context: Evening
is in environment: With Friends
type: User

Distracting Effect
type: NamedIndividual
relieves emotion: Boredom
type: Effect

Distraction
type: NamedIndividual
satisfied by: Puzzle Game
type: Need

Effect
type: Class
comment: The expected psychological or behavioral effect of a content item.

Elif
type: NamedIndividual
feels: Stress
has age: 21
has need: Relaxation
has personality: Introvert
has preference: Likes Music
has preference: Likes Short Content
has time context: Night
is in environment: Alone
is in environment: Home
type: User

Emotion
type: Class
comment: An emotional state experienced by a user.

Emotion-Aware Intelligent Recommendation Ontology
type: Ontology
created: 2026-04-28
creator: Büşra Pehlivanlar
creator: Elif Özkanat
creator: Enes Ulucan
description: This ontology models an intelligent recommendation system that provides personalized content suggestions based on the user's emotional state, contextual situation, personality traits, and needs.
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
publisher: Manisa Celal Bayar University
preferred namespace prefix: ex
preferred namespace uri: http://example.org/emotion-aware-recommendation#
comment: An ontology for modeling personalized recommendations based on user emotions, needs, context, personality traits, preferences, content types, and content effects.
version info: 1.0.0
code repository: emotion-aware-recommendation-ontology

Emotional Relief Effect
type: NamedIndividual
relieves emotion: Sadness
type: Effect

Emotional Support
type: NamedIndividual
satisfied by: Comfort Movie
type: Need

Enes
type: NamedIndividual
feels: Tiredness
has age: 22
has need: Motivation
has personality: Introvert
has preference: Likes Podcasts
has time context: Morning
is in environment: School
type: User

Environment
type: Class
comment: The physical or social environment of a user.
subclass of: Context

Evening
type: NamedIndividual
type: Time Context

Extrovert
type: NamedIndividual
type: Personality

Feedback
type: Class
comment: A user response to a recommendation.

Positive feedback for recommendation 001
type: NamedIndividual
has feedback score: 5
type: Feedback

Positive feedback for recommendation 002
type: NamedIndividual
has feedback score: 4
type: Feedback

Positive feedback for recommendation 003
type: NamedIndividual
has feedback score: 4
type: Feedback

Positive feedback for recommendation 004
type: NamedIndividual
has feedback score: 5
type: Feedback

Game
type: NamedIndividual
type: Content Category

Home
type: NamedIndividual
type: Environment

Improve Mood
type: NamedIndividual
type: Intention

Increase Motivation
type: NamedIndividual
type: Intention

Intention
type: Class
comment: The intended purpose of a recommendation.

Introvert
type: NamedIndividual
type: Personality

Likes Games
type: NamedIndividual
type: Preference

Likes Movies
type: NamedIndividual
type: Preference

Likes Music
type: NamedIndividual
type: Preference

Likes Podcasts
type: NamedIndividual
type: Preference

Likes Short Content
type: NamedIndividual
type: Preference

Lo-Fi Playlist
type: NamedIndividual
available on platform: Spotify
belongs to category: Music
has duration in minutes: 25
has effect: Calming Effect
matches preference: Likes Music
suitable for environment: Alone
suitable for environment: Home
suitable for personality: Introvert
suitable for time: Night
type: Content

Meditation
type: NamedIndividual
type: Content Category

Meditation Audio
type: NamedIndividual
available on platform: Mobile Application
belongs to category: Meditation
has duration in minutes: 10
has effect: Calming Effect
suitable for environment: Home
suitable for time: Night
type: Content

Mobile Application
type: NamedIndividual
type: Platform

Morning
type: NamedIndividual
type: Time Context

Motivating Effect
type: NamedIndividual
relieves emotion: Tiredness
type: Effect

Motivation
type: NamedIndividual
satisfied by: Motivational Podcast
type: Need

Motivational Podcast
type: NamedIndividual
available on platform: Spotify
belongs to category: Podcast
has duration in minutes: 15
has effect: Motivating Effect
matches preference: Likes Podcasts
suitable for time: Morning
type: Content

Movie
type: NamedIndividual
type: Content Category

Music
type: NamedIndividual
type: Content Category

Need
type: Class
comment: A user need that may arise from an emotional state.

Netflix
type: NamedIndividual
type: Platform

Night
type: NamedIndividual
type: Time Context

Personality
type: Class
comment: A personality trait that may affect recommendation suitability.

Platform
type: Class
comment: A digital platform where content may be delivered.

Podcast
type: NamedIndividual
type: Content Category

Preference
type: Class
comment: A user's preferred content type or activity.

Puzzle Game
type: NamedIndividual
available on platform: Mobile Application
belongs to category: Game
has duration in minutes: 20
has effect: Distracting Effect
matches preference: Likes Games
suitable for environment: Home
type: Content

Recommendation
type: Class
comment: A personalized suggestion generated for a user.

Stress relief music recommendation for Elif
type: NamedIndividual
based on emotion: Stress
based on need: Relaxation
considers context: Alone
considers context: Home
considers context: Night
given to: Elif
has confidence score: 0.92
has feedback: Positive feedback for recommendation 001
has intention: Reduce Stress
includes content: Lo-Fi Playlist
type: Recommendation

Comfort movie recommendation for Deniz
type: NamedIndividual
based on emotion: Sadness
based on need: Emotional Support
considers context: Evening
considers context: With Friends
given to: Deniz
has confidence score: 0.87
has feedback: Positive feedback for recommendation 002
has intention: Improve Mood
includes content: Comfort Movie
type: Recommendation

Puzzle game recommendation for Büşra
type: NamedIndividual
based on emotion: Boredom
based on need: Distraction
considers context: Evening
considers context: Home
given to: Büşra
has confidence score: 0.81
has feedback: Positive feedback for recommendation 003
has intention: Improve Mood
includes content: Puzzle Game
type: Recommendation

Motivational podcast recommendation for Enes
type: NamedIndividual
based on emotion: Tiredness
based on need: Motivation
considers context: Morning
considers context: School
given to: Enes
has confidence score: 0.88
has feedback: Positive feedback for recommendation 004
has intention: Increase Motivation
includes content: Motivational Podcast
type: Recommendation

Reduce Stress
type: NamedIndividual
type: Intention

Relaxation
type: NamedIndividual
satisfied by: Breathing Exercise
satisfied by: Lo-Fi Playlist
type: Need

Relaxing Effect
type: NamedIndividual
relieves emotion: Stress
type: Effect

Sadness
type: NamedIndividual
creates need: Emotional Support
type: Emotion

School
type: NamedIndividual
type: Environment

Spotify
type: NamedIndividual
type: Platform

Stress
type: NamedIndividual
creates need: Relaxation
type: Emotion

Time Context
type: Class
comment: The time-related context of a user.
subclass of: Context

Tiredness
type: NamedIndividual
creates need: Motivation
type: Emotion

User
type: Class
comment: A person who receives recommendations from the system.

With Friends
type: NamedIndividual
type: Environment

available on platform
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Connects content to the platform where it is available.
domain: Content
range: Platform

based on emotion
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Shows the emotion considered in a recommendation.
domain: Recommendation
range: Emotion

based on need
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Shows the need considered in a recommendation.
domain: Recommendation
range: Need

belongs to category
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Connects content to its category.
domain: Content
range: Content Category

considers context
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Shows contextual information used in a recommendation.
domain: Recommendation
range: Context

creates need
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Connects an emotion to the need it may create.
domain: Emotion
range: Need

feels
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Connects a user to an emotion they experience.
domain: User
range: Emotion

given to
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Connects a recommendation to the user receiving it.
domain: Recommendation
range: User

has age
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: User
range: integer

has confidence score
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Recommendation
range: decimal

has duration in minutes
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Content
range: integer

has effect
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Connects content to its expected effect.
domain: Content
range: Effect

has feedback
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Connects a recommendation to user feedback.
domain: Recommendation
range: Feedback

has feedback score
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Feedback
range: integer

has intention
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Shows the intended purpose of a recommendation.
domain: Recommendation
range: Intention

has need
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Connects a user to a need.
domain: User
range: Need

has personality
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Connects a user to a personality trait.
domain: User
range: Personality

has preference
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Connects a user to a preference.
domain: User
range: Preference

has time context
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Connects a user to a time context.
domain: User
range: Time Context

includes content
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Connects a recommendation to the content it includes.
domain: Recommendation
range: Content

is in environment
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Connects a user to an environment.
domain: User
range: Environment

matches preference
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Connects content to a matching user preference.
domain: Content
range: Preference

relieves emotion
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Connects an effect to an emotion it may help reduce.
domain: Effect
range: Emotion

satisfied by
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Connects a need to content that can satisfy it.
domain: Need
range: Content

suitable for environment
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Shows which environment is suitable for content.
domain: Content
range: Environment

suitable for personality
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Shows which personality type a content item is suitable for.
domain: Content
range: Personality

suitable for time
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Shows which time context is suitable for content.
domain: Content
range: Time Context