Emotion-Aware Intelligent Recommendation Ontology
type: Ontology
created: 2026-04-28
creator: Büşra Pehlivanlar
creator: Elif Özkanat
creator: Enes Ulucan
description: This ontology models an intelligent recommendation system that provides personalized content suggestions based on the user's emotional state, contextual situation, personality traits, and needs.
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
publisher: Manisa Celal Bayar University
preferred namespace prefix: ex
preferred namespace uri: http://example.org/emotion-aware-recommendation#
comment: An ontology for modeling personalized recommendations based on user emotions, needs, context, personality traits, preferences, content types, and content effects.
version info: 1.0.0
code repository: emotion-aware-recommendation-ontology

available on platform
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Content
range: Platform
comment: Connects content to the platform where it is available.

based on emotion
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Recommendation
range: Emotion
comment: Shows the emotion considered in a recommendation.

based on need
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Recommendation
range: Need
comment: Shows the need considered in a recommendation.

belongs to category
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Content
range: Content Category
comment: Connects content to its category.

considers context
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Recommendation
range: Context
comment: Shows contextual information used in a recommendation.

creates need
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Emotion
range: Need
comment: Connects an emotion to the need it may create.

feels
type: ObjectProperty
domain: User
range: Emotion
comment: Connects a user to an emotion they experience.

given to
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Recommendation
range: User
comment: Connects a recommendation to the user receiving it.

has effect
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Content
range: Effect
comment: Connects content to its expected effect.

has feedback
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Recommendation
range: Feedback
comment: Connects a recommendation to user feedback.

has intention
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Recommendation
range: Intention
comment: Shows the intended purpose of a recommendation.

has need
type: ObjectProperty
domain: User
range: Need
comment: Connects a user to a need.

has personality
type: ObjectProperty
domain: User
range: Personality
comment: Connects a user to a personality trait.

has preference
type: ObjectProperty
domain: User
range: Preference
comment: Connects a user to a preference.

has time context
type: ObjectProperty
domain: User
range: Time Context
comment: Connects a user to a time context.

includes content
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Recommendation
range: Content
comment: Connects a recommendation to the content it includes.

is in environment
type: ObjectProperty
domain: User
range: Environment
comment: Connects a user to an environment.

matches preference
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Content
range: Preference
comment: Connects content to a matching user preference.

relieves emotion
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Effect
range: Emotion
comment: Connects an effect to an emotion it may help reduce.

satisfied by
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Need
range: Content
comment: Connects a need to content that can satisfy it.

suitable for environment
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Content
range: Environment
comment: Shows which environment is suitable for content.

suitable for personality
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Content
range: Personality
comment: Shows which personality type a content item is suitable for.

suitable for time
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Content
range: Time Context
comment: Shows which time context is suitable for content.

has age
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: User
range: integer

has confidence score
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Recommendation
range: decimal

has duration in minutes
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Content
range: integer

has feedback score
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Feedback
range: integer

Content
type: Class
comment: A digital content item or activity that can be recommended to a user.

Content Category
type: Class
comment: A category describing the type of content.

Context
type: Class
comment: The situation in which the user is located.

Effect
type: Class
comment: The expected psychological or behavioral effect of a content item.

Emotion
type: Class
comment: An emotional state experienced by a user.

Environment
type: Class
subclass of: Context
comment: The physical or social environment of a user.

Feedback
type: Class
comment: A user response to a recommendation.

Intention
type: Class
comment: The intended purpose of a recommendation.

Need
type: Class
comment: A user need that may arise from an emotional state.

Personality
type: Class
comment: A personality trait that may affect recommendation suitability.

Platform
type: Class
comment: A digital platform where content may be delivered.

Preference
type: Class
comment: A user's preferred content type or activity.

Recommendation
type: Class
comment: A personalized suggestion generated for a user.

Time Context
type: Class
subclass of: Context
comment: The time-related context of a user.

User
type: Class
comment: A person who receives recommendations from the system.

Alone
type: NamedIndividual
type: Environment

Anxiety
type: NamedIndividual
type: Emotion
creates need: Calmness

Calmness
type: NamedIndividual
type: Need
satisfied by: Meditation Audio

Boredom
type: NamedIndividual
type: Emotion
creates need: Distraction

Distraction
type: NamedIndividual
type: Need
satisfied by: Puzzle Game

Breathing Exercise
type: NamedIndividual
type: Content
available on platform: Mobile Application
belongs to category: Meditation
has effect: Relaxing Effect
suitable for environment: Home
suitable for personality: Introvert
suitable for time: Night
has duration in minutes: 5

Mobile Application
type: NamedIndividual
type: Platform

Meditation
type: NamedIndividual
type: Content Category

Relaxing Effect
type: NamedIndividual
type: Effect
relieves emotion: Stress

Home
type: NamedIndividual
type: Environment

Introvert
type: NamedIndividual
type: Personality

Night
type: NamedIndividual
type: Time Context

Büşra
type: NamedIndividual
type: User
feels: Boredom
has need: Distraction
has personality: Extrovert
has preference: Likes Games
has time context: Evening
is in environment: Home
has age: 22

Extrovert
type: NamedIndividual
type: Personality

Likes Games
type: NamedIndividual
type: Preference

Evening
type: NamedIndividual
type: Time Context

Calming Effect
type: NamedIndividual
type: Effect
relieves emotion: Anxiety
relieves emotion: Stress

Stress
type: NamedIndividual
type: Emotion
creates need: Relaxation

Meditation Audio
type: NamedIndividual
type: Content
available on platform: Mobile Application
belongs to category: Meditation
has effect: Calming Effect
suitable for environment: Home
suitable for time: Night
has duration in minutes: 10

Comfort Movie
type: NamedIndividual
type: Content
available on platform: Netflix
belongs to category: Movie
has effect: Emotional Relief Effect
matches preference: Likes Movies
suitable for environment: With Friends
suitable for personality: Extrovert
suitable for time: Evening
has duration in minutes: 95

Netflix
type: NamedIndividual
type: Platform

Movie
type: NamedIndividual
type: Content Category

Emotional Relief Effect
type: NamedIndividual
type: Effect
relieves emotion: Sadness

Likes Movies
type: NamedIndividual
type: Preference

With Friends
type: NamedIndividual
type: Environment

Deniz
type: NamedIndividual
type: User
feels: Sadness
has need: Emotional Support
has personality: Extrovert
has preference: Likes Movies
has time context: Evening
is in environment: With Friends
has age: 23

Sadness
type: NamedIndividual
type: Emotion
creates need: Emotional Support

Emotional Support
type: NamedIndividual
type: Need
satisfied by: Comfort Movie

Distracting Effect
type: NamedIndividual
type: Effect
relieves emotion: Boredom

Puzzle Game
type: NamedIndividual
type: Content
available on platform: Mobile Application
belongs to category: Game
has effect: Distracting Effect
matches preference: Likes Games
suitable for environment: Home
has duration in minutes: 20

Elif
type: NamedIndividual
type: User
feels: Stress
has need: Relaxation
has personality: Introvert
has preference: Likes Music
has preference: Likes Short Content
has time context: Night
is in environment: Alone
is in environment: Home
has age: 21

Relaxation
type: NamedIndividual
type: Need
satisfied by: Breathing Exercise
satisfied by: Lo-Fi Playlist

Likes Music
type: NamedIndividual
type: Preference

Likes Short Content
type: NamedIndividual
type: Preference

Enes
type: NamedIndividual
type: User
feels: Tiredness
has need: Motivation
has personality: Introvert
has preference: Likes Podcasts
has time context: Morning
is in environment: School
has age: 22

Tiredness
type: NamedIndividual
type: Emotion
creates need: Motivation

Motivation
type: NamedIndividual
type: Need
satisfied by: Motivational Podcast

Likes Podcasts
type: NamedIndividual
type: Preference

Morning
type: NamedIndividual
type: Time Context

School
type: NamedIndividual
type: Environment

Positive feedback for recommendation 001
type: NamedIndividual
type: Feedback
has feedback score: 5

Positive feedback for recommendation 002
type: NamedIndividual
type: Feedback
has feedback score: 4

Positive feedback for recommendation 003
type: NamedIndividual
type: Feedback
has feedback score: 4

Positive feedback for recommendation 004
type: NamedIndividual
type: Feedback
has feedback score: 5

Game
type: NamedIndividual
type: Content Category

Improve Mood
type: NamedIndividual
type: Intention

Increase Motivation
type: NamedIndividual
type: Intention

Lo-Fi Playlist
type: NamedIndividual
type: Content
available on platform: Spotify
belongs to category: Music
has effect: Calming Effect
matches preference: Likes Music
suitable for environment: Alone
suitable for environment: Home
suitable for personality: Introvert
suitable for time: Night
has duration in minutes: 25

Spotify
type: NamedIndividual
type: Platform

Music
type: NamedIndividual
type: Content Category

Motivating Effect
type: NamedIndividual
type: Effect
relieves emotion: Tiredness

Motivational Podcast
type: NamedIndividual
type: Content
available on platform: Spotify
belongs to category: Podcast
has effect: Motivating Effect
matches preference: Likes Podcasts
suitable for time: Morning
has duration in minutes: 15

Podcast
type: NamedIndividual
type: Content Category

Stress relief music recommendation for Elif
type: NamedIndividual
type: Recommendation
based on emotion: Stress
based on need: Relaxation
considers context: Alone
considers context: Home
considers context: Night
given to: Elif
has feedback: Positive feedback for recommendation 001
has intention: Reduce Stress
includes content: Lo-Fi Playlist
has confidence score: 0.92

Reduce Stress
type: NamedIndividual
type: Intention

Comfort movie recommendation for Deniz
type: NamedIndividual
type: Recommendation
based on emotion: Sadness
based on need: Emotional Support
considers context: Evening
considers context: With Friends
given to: Deniz
has feedback: Positive feedback for recommendation 002
has intention: Improve Mood
includes content: Comfort Movie
has confidence score: 0.87

Puzzle game recommendation for Büşra
type: NamedIndividual
type: Recommendation
based on emotion: Boredom
based on need: Distraction
considers context: Evening
considers context: Home
given to: Büşra
has feedback: Positive feedback for recommendation 003
has intention: Improve Mood
includes content: Puzzle Game
has confidence score: 0.81

Motivational podcast recommendation for Enes
type: NamedIndividual
type: Recommendation
based on emotion: Tiredness
based on need: Motivation
considers context: Morning
considers context: School
given to: Enes
has feedback: Positive feedback for recommendation 004
has intention: Increase Motivation
includes content: Motivational Podcast
has confidence score: 0.88